Local grape varieties and winemaking

It is a Middle Asian sort. In Middle Asia republics it is called Maska, Alikon or Bomb. There were small vineyards in Ganja, in the plain of Mil, in Mingachevir, Goychay and Khachmaz regions of Azerbaijan. Now, there are several bushes in Grapetrading LTD, Ganja.
Bushes are very strong.
Flowers are functional female type. Clusters are very large (30 sm), wide, cone-shaped or in wrong shape with burdocks, branchy, density depends on pollination. Seeds are very big, round or cone-shaped, with a shallow sear on the tip, light green, amber colored in the sun. Languid is gentle, fleshy-juicy, sweet, not separable from the skin. Katta Kurgan is late ripening table grape. Its best pollinators are White Kishmishi, Black Kishmishi, Rkasiteli and Pink Tayfi. Katta Kurgan yields rich harvest in the places where summer is dry and hot. This climatic zone is characteristic for a lot of regions in Azerbaijan. For its high quality, large clusters and seeds, Katta-Kurgan stands on the first places among table grapes. Carrying out a tasting in winegrowing and winemaking experimental station in Ganja, the sort got 5-6 points (on 10-pointed assessment system). Used while fresh and for making raisin when the seeds are long.

It is a pure French sort. It was brought from France to Novocherkassk, and in 1969, to the enterprise "Govlar-Sari" of the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute.
Bushes have medium power for growth.
Flowers are self-pollinating. Cluster is large, cone-shaped, and dense. Seeds are large, round, a little pressed, black with dark red background; wax layer is thick. Skin is thick but not firm. Languid is fleshy, juicy, a bit smooth. Taste is ordinary, pleasant.
It is a late ripening wine clone.
The fruit index of shoots is high and productive.
It is sensitive to Mildew and gray carious, but stable to oidium. Good to produce light white table wine.

The homeland of this sort is South-Eastern France. It was brought to Russia in XX century and was spread to everywhere. It was brought to Azerbaijan at the end of XIX and in early XX century and was planted in collections of scientific-research enterprises, in vineyards of Daglig Shirvan and Ganja-Gazakh area of Azerbaijan. Nowadays you can come across this sort in Agstafa region and Ganja Sherab-2 enterprise.
Bushes grow normally. This clone demands lighter shaped bushes.
Clusters are medium big, cylindrical- cone shaped, sometimes winged and thick.
Seeds are medium big, round, rarely oval, covered with dark-blue wax layer. Skin of the seed is thick. Languid is juicy. Kaberne Savinyon is medium-late ripening type wine clone. Seed are fully ripened at the end of September.
In Shamakhi conditions, on 22 September, the glucose in grape reaches 19,3 percent and sourness 8,4 g/l. The sort adapts to different conditions easily. In hot places when the quantity of glucose raises compared to sourness it becomes softer and this condition/quality is suitable for valuable red wine.
High quality red table wine can be made when seeds are fully ripened. But if the wine of this sort is preserved for a long time, the quality increases. In some places, they use coupage for making wine like kagor and portvain.

It is the sort of Moldova and widely spread in West European countries. Brought to Azerbaijan from Novocherkassk province, Russia.
Bushes grow rapidly. Flowers get pollinated themselves. Clusters are very big, cylindrical, cone shaped with short pads and very thick. Seeds are very big, round and dark blue when fully ripen and cluster density is uneven. Skin is thick but not firm. Languid is smooth and juicy. Taste is ordinary with a bit sweet and sour.
There are some varieties of Kabassiya that differ from the main sort with negative characteristics and features. Kabassiya is a late ripening sort. Productivity is stable but in irrigated fertile soil is even high. Sugar production is late and percentage of sugar is no more then 16-18. Dry table wines made of this sort cannot be preserved too long. Good row material for quality brandy.

It is observed in North America among the wild grapes, it is civilized after being selected. It is supposed to be a natural hybrid of V.Labrushka and V.Viniphera. In the middle of XIX century Izabella was brought to Odessa from France and later from there it was brought to different vine villages. The clone is spread on the shores of the Black Sea in the Caucasus, in Georgia, Azerbaijan and Moldavia. In the 30s of the XX century in connection with the spreading of Philloxero in Azerbaijan namely on Sari (Lankaran) island in the Caspian Sea several vineyards had been set up.
Bushes grow strongly. It is very sensitive to soil type and fertility.
Izabella is late ripening. It is called table grape by mistake. It grows well and gives better harvest in humid places. According to rofessor M.A.Lazarevski, the sort easily withstands to plant deceases. But according to our observations, it is not totally resistant to all fungal deceases. It can't bear draught. Resistance to freeze is better compared to V.Viniphera sorts. Resistance to philloxero is rather weak. Flowers are self-pollinated. It blossoms 10-12 days earlier than V.Viniphera.
Clusters are tiny and of medium size. Fruit coefficient is more than 1. Sometimes there are more than 7 clusters on one shoot. The ability of fruit yielding sprouts is high. In hot regions, in directed cultivation, it can be grown not only two fold crop but also three fold. After full-ripening, the seeds begin to shed.
Cluster stalk is grass-shaped; one can tear it off easily. Average weight of the cluster is 80-100 grams.
Seeds are round and black. Skin is easily separated from the languid, juice is mucous. There is a special smell in the seeds which is called strawberries or wooden louse. But its taste is Izabell's. In all existing vine clones in the world have 3 tastes. One of them is Izabella. It is good for juice and dessert wine producing. The table-wines made of this grape sort are considered to be pleasant among people.

The clone was obtained by cross pollination of the sorts Bikan (Shasla of Napoleon) and Hamburg Muscat by Pirovano in Italy. It was brought to Baku in 1929 and from there it was taken to the grape collection of the republic for experiments. But in the 70s of the last century inoculation materials in great quantities were brought from Bulgaria first to Khanlar region and afterwards planted in two lines in Ganja Grape-trading LTD. The ampliographic description of the sort was made by A.N.Atakishiyeva in Ganja. Currently, researcher Sevil Abdulayeva is engaged in development of its agrotechnics.
Bushes are very strong. Flowers are self-pollinated. Clusters are very big, cylindrical and cone-shaped, in most cases it is winged far between and of medium density. Stalk is tender and doesn't get firm. While gathering big clusters from the bushes and putting them into the boxes, clusters should be kept vertically without changing the direction. If the instruction is not followed, big and beautiful clusters break into several parts and lose shape. Seeds are very big and prolonged, tiny and not oval. Languid is fleshy, a little bit juicy and of Muscat taste.
It is late ripening table grape. The variations of this type haven't been mentioned in any descriptions. 2 variations of this grape is discovered in Ganja Grape-trading LTD one with Muscat taste and the other with ordinary. Not a single difference has been found yet either regarding their morphological signs or vegetative or generic organs. It is highly and constantly fruitful.
Stem leave doesn't drop out of the pollinated ovary until they reach normal bigness. Clusters and seeds of the grape are so beautiful that they seem artificial. It is useful for making stewed fruit, jam, pickles and tinning. It is very useful for keeping and carrying to longer destinations.

It is one of the ancient types of Muscat grapes and the home is Alexandria in Egypt. Being cultivated from early times it is widely spread. The sort has got different names in different countries. It has also got several bushes in Grape-trading LTD in Ganja.
It was brought from Western Europe into the Crimea in early XIX century. Firstly it was brought to Azerbaijan state farm around Ganja and Winegrowing and Winemaking Experimental Station of Ganja. At the same time the sort is cultivated in 4 continents of the world. Bushes are strong. Flowers are self- pollinated. Cluster is large and very large, cone-shaped, winged, branched, rare, medium rare. Cluster stalk is long, dark blue, looks like grass, and fragile. Seeds are medium large and large, round, sometimes a little flat, light green with yellow background. Skin is medium thick, transparent, firmly covered with thick wax layer. Languid is crisp, juicy with strong Muscat flavor. The buds multiples when the fruit fingers are cut long. But it is preferably to cut in short or medium length.
Flowers fall out rapidly. Observations held in Grape-trading LTD in Ganja showed that clusters may become rare even shapeless and seeds far-between if flower groups have not been thinned out. That's why 2 of 3 clusters, 1 of 2 clusters, 30-40 percent of all clusters should be preserved on a shoot. So, 60-65 percent of flower group must be cut off so that we could get a normal cluster. In Ganja this matter for Alexandrian Muscat is accepted as a part of differentiated agrotechnics. Generally, in every concrete condition the differentiated agrotechnics of this sort must be investigated and learned.
Alexandrian Muscat is a table clone with high quality, tolerant to storage, and shippable. For its good flavor and nice seeds, it is fit for juice conservation, making jam and marinade.

It is a less-spread grape sort of Uzbekistan, and is called Kizil (Golden) Khirman in Tashkent and Khorazm provines of Uzbekistan. It was grown in sovkhoz Ingilab agricultural farming in Khachmaz region and winemaking-experimental stations in Azerbaijan Republic in 50-60s.
It grows rapidly. Flowers are functional female type. Clusters are very large, cone-shaped with burdocks and branches, rare and medium dense. Cluster stalk is very long and thick. Seeds are big and sometimes very big, prolonged and long, cylindrical, tips are rounded, dark red or light purple. Skin is thick, rough and connected to crunchy languid. Taste is ordinary but pleasantly sweet.
Ichkimar is of medium ripening table sort. Demands much heat. Becomes fully ripen at the end of August in Tashkent, in early September in Samarkand and late September in Khachmaz. That is why it has been included to late ripening sort of grapes in Azerbaijan.
Productivity increases if grown in fertile lands in strong forms and if pollinated in time.
For the strength of seeds doesn't lag the Nimrang and Tayfi sorts.

It is a local sort of Azerbaijan. The clone was obtained as a result of people's selection. It was mostly spread in Nagorno Karabakh (Daglig Garabagh). History of the most popular sorts of Azerbaijan dates back to 300-500 years ago, and some even to several millenniums ago. The sort was completely made Armenian. Khingdogni can't be Armenian grape sort if they settled on the territory of Azerbaijan 150-200 years ago. There is another fact to prove that there wasn't any Armenian winegrower or scholar in Dagliq Garabagh during 150-200 years that could produce a new sort of grape. Unfortunately, when "The Ampelography of Azerbaijan SSR" was written, 1973, Azerbaijan progressive winegrowers and scholars didn't pay attention to this problem. Even there were synonyms of the sort's name Sveni and Shireni. The ampelographic description of the sort was also given by the Armenian and Georgian.
The bushes are strong. The flowers are self-pollinated. Cluster is large, cone shaped, branchy, sometimes winged, and very dense that's why the form of seeds changes. Stalk is very thick and firm. Seeds are medium and large, round, black or dark blue, sometimes purple. The tip is round with a thick wax layer on it. Languid is juicy and slippery. Taste is ordinary, very sweet, juice is red. It is fit only for wine production and of medium late ripening.
Productivity differs depending on the regions. It is 200 metric centners from each hectare in Daglig Garabagh, in Ganja 100 metric centners, in lowland of Mil 75 metric centners. Sugar is 19,8 percent.
Wines of high quality, with good color and pleasant fragrance are made from Khindogni in Daglig Garabagh.

It is Agdam's local sort. It is grown in Agdam and surrounding regions. Bushes are strong. In the past, it was grown in the avenue style. Flowers are functional female type. Cluster is large, conical, sometimes cylindrical-conical, medium density. When not well-pollinated, it can be thin. Seeds are medium and medium large, small, round, yellow, spotted green. When it ripens fully brown spots can appear on the skin. Skin is thick, strong, wax layer is of medium thickness. Languid is crunchy, taste is pleasant.
It's more productive when fruit spur is long. Can be preserved fresh and it is shippable. It is included to the late ripening group of grapes. Due to this characteristic, vine refining time can be prolonged.