Local grape varieties and winemaking

It is of Spanish origin. Later was brought to France. From France it was brought to Bulgaria & then to Novocherkassk. In 1969, it was cultivated in the Agricultural Experiment Enterprise Govlar Sari of the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute.
Bushes grow medium with self-pollinating flowers. The cluster is medium-large, large cone shaped with burdocks, sometimes winged. Seeds are large, round, red with blue background, has got dense wax layer and this feature gives him grayish color. Skin is thick but elastic. Languid is fleshy & juicy. Taste is ordinary, sweet.
It is a late ripening grape sort. They produce gray sweet wine from this sort. Storage capacity is high.
It is productive in the lime, light, sour, stony lands and wines produced from this clone are of high quality. Very sensitive to cercarial and necrosis diseases.

It comes from Asia Minor. But it is widely spread in many countries of the world. Having been widely spread variety of synonymous clones were created. It had been brought to Azerbaijan from Bulgaria in 60s of XX century and there are many plantations in most farming regions of Gazakh-Ganja nowadays. Vineyards were considerably decreased now.
Bushes grow rapidly. It demands strong forms. Fruitful shoots are more than 60 percent. Fruit factor is more than 1. It is inclined to yield for second time but its ability of generating shoots is weak. Blossoms are self-pollinated. Its bunches are big and have all forms except cylindrical. Seeds are very big. They have oval and round variations. When it is fully ripen in oval variations seeds become greenish-golden. But seeds stay green especially in round variations and bunches are thick, but bunches are medium thick and rare especially in oval variation.
Skin of grapes is medium thick and it can hardly be separated from languid. Languid is fleshy, juicy and crispy. Taste is ordinary and fresh. Productivity is very high. It produces about 300-350 centners in irrigated fertile soils.
It should be noted that group of blossoms must be picked up to have good and quality corp.

It is an old grape type. Mostly is spread in Moldavia and Ukraine. It is also cultivated in Krasnodar region, Kirgizistan, Kazakhstan and other regions. In Odessa, the time of harvest is the end of September. In Azerbaijan, it has been in grape collections and presently it is in Ganja winegrowing and winemaking experimental station.
Bushes grow rapidly. Flowers are self-pollinated. Clusters are middle and big, wide, cone shaped with big burdocks but even winged far- between. Cluster stem is long, thick and enough firm. Seeds are of medium size, slightly flat, rarely is rounded, dark blue, sometimes black. In the ripening period, the seeds don't grow equally. Skin is tender even not enough firm. Languid is juicy. Taste is ordinary, sweet and quite sour.
Sereksiya is late-ripening grape type. In Odessa, the fruit is gathered either late September or in early October. Harvest time is very late as seeds don't grow simultaneously.
Fruitfulness is high and stable. Its sourness remains stable in spite of high sugar productivity. Sourness is still not too high. Amazing table wines of light red color are made of Sereksiya. It is also used in the production of dessert and strong wines due to the great ability of sugar production.
In Kyrgyzstan, they produce champagne of this sort, and in Ukraine - juice.

It is of France origin. Red table wine differing for high quality is produced in Burgundia vineyards and the best champagne marks are produced in Sampagn. As a result of long-aged cultivation among the bushes of Pino Fran a lot of pinos appeared because of vegetative changes. The main variations of pinos include: Grey Pino seeds are dirty pink; Early ripened Pino (Iskiya) seeds are black and grows simultaneously with Madlen Anjevin; Pino Nuaryen seeds are black, grows at the same time with Shasla sort. Seeds of Pino don't differ from each-other until they are ripened. Later, they can be differentiated from each-other either due to the colors of the seeds or to the period of ripening.
The Pino were brought to Russia in early XIX century and from there it was brought to Azerbaijan (at the end of XIX century and beginning of XX century).
Bushes are of medium growth in fertile lands supplied with water. When sugar productivity is high in the seeds the sourness reduces.
Sugar productivity is high in Gray Pino, when it is gathered very late. The percentage of sugar increases up to 26-28 percent. Productivity of Pinos is low.
Black Pino is especially useful for high quality champagne wines.

There are some clones of Muscat in the color of dark red and black. In order not to mix Qara Muscat with other clones, they also call it by its old name Kalyaba. This name is used synonymously to Qara Muscat. With this name, it is known in France and high quality dessert wines are being produced in the maintenance areas. This clone has been brought to the Crimea in the first part of the XIX century and it has been grown named Alikant and Muscat Kalyaba.
Growing ability is weak and normal.
Flowers are self-pollinated. Clusters are medium large, cylindrical or conical. It has dense and rare clusters. Seeds are medium large, round, dark-blue. It is covered with thick layer of wax. Skin is medium thick and firm. Languid is gentle. Taste is pleasant. It smells Muscat. It ripens in the Crimea in the beginning of September. Till 90s of the last century, it was grown in some hectares of �Mil� sovkhoz of Beylagan region and high quality dessert wines were produced.
Fruitfulness is normal. Grapes become faded in the regions with hot climate and sugar productivity reaches 32-33 percent. Therefore, high quality dessert wines are produced from �Qara Muscat�.

It is supposed to be one of the variations of Hungarian sort called Kadarkin. It is observed in the vineyards of the May village of Tashkent region, Uzbekistan. It is planted in the grape collections of the agricultural experimental enterprise Govlar Sari of the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute in 1969.
Bushes are of medium growth.
Flowers are self-pollinated. Clusters are of medium bigness, cylindrical or narrow cone shaped and dense. Seeds are of medium size, round and weak oval, dark blue/black. It is covered with dense wax layer. Cover is thick. Languid is smooth and juicy. This sort is constantly fruitful. It has a great ability of sugar gathering (28-30 percent in Tashkent, 23-24 percent in Ganja)
The Harvest is suitable for the production of original wines differing for their condensates and softness.

It is one of the table grape widely spread in Middle Asia. Qara Kishmishi takes the third place after Oval Kishmishi and Huseyni in Uzbekistan. It is cultivated in the winegrowing sunny countries as well as in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and in Jalilabad region of Azerbaijan, where its industrial cultivation has been established.
Bushes are strong. Flowers are self-pollinated. Clusters are big, stretched and cone shaped, sometimes branchy and rare. Seeds are small, oval dark blue and covered with thick wax layer. Skin is medium thick, easily cracked. Languid is firm and fleshy. Taste is ordinary but fragrant, sugar productivity is high.

It is cultivated in Crimea since old times and is one of the widely spread sorts. Qara Asma is of Tatar origin as it is seen from its name. It is advisable to preserve for long storage hanging clusters.
The sort has got great arable lands in the Alget region of Georgia. It is also brought to the Western regions of our republic. Bushes are strong. Fruit fingers are long. Number of closed buds is plenty (15-20%).
Clusters are big. It is cone-shaped and cylindrical. Cluster stalks are grass shaped and it can be easily broken off. Seeds are longish, egg-shaped and oval. Its sugar-gathering ability is not high. Skin is thick but tender. In the middle of ripening it is red, dark-red and at the end it turns to black. Wax layer is thick. It can be preserved and shippablie. Qara Asma is a lateripening clone. It is very perspective for hot regions of Azerbaijan.

It is from Bardo province of France and has been cultivated since 1958. Was brought from the European countries to the institute after Schroeder in Uzbekistan and then to agricultural experimental enterprise Govlar-Sari of the Azerbaijan Agricultural Institute in 1969.
Bushes grow rapidly.
Flowers get pollinated themselves. Clusters are big, winged, large cone shaped, rare and thick. Drops are big, round, covered with thick wax layer, dark red. Skin is firm. Languid is fleshy-juicy, a little bit smooth. Its taste is ordinary and lovely. Lateripening grape sort. Weak colored table wine is made of it.