Local grape varieties and winemaking

The Muscat sorts of vines were cultivated in the Mediterranean countries several millenniums ago. According to the sources, the White Muscat is one of the oldest sorts cultivated in Syria and Egypt.
Muscat sorts are grown in all winegrowing countries of the world as Shasla sorts. The sort was brought to Azerbaijan at the end of XIX century. According to the list made in 1940, the area of the Muscat sorts in our republic was 99 acres. In 1966, this number reached 500. Bushes of White Muscat and Pink Muscat grow rapidly. Flowers of the both sorts get pollinated themselves. The bunch is medium large, cylindrical and cylindrical - cone-shaped. Medium density. Seeds are medium large and round. The seeds of White Muscat are golden spotted, light yellow; the seeds of Pink Muscat are medium large, round, dark pink. There is a thick wax layer on the seeds of the Pink Muscat. The skin is thick but not firm. The languid of seeds in both sorts is gentle, juicy, with strong Muscat flavor and pleasant. Bushes of the sorts are fruitful. Their productivity from each acre reaches 30-80 metric centners in the Crimea, 240-300 metric centners in the Middle Asia (Tashkent province), 100 metric centners in Goychay and Ganja, 50-70 metric centners in Shamakhy. The percentage of fruitful shoots is 80-90%. The average weight of the cluster is 130-150 grams. It has a great ability of sugar production. There isn't an analogue to the portvane made of White Muscat in Yalta, the South Crimea. It has a strong flavor.
In Mountainous Shirvan, 800 meters higher than the sea level the best dessert wines are produced.

Tayfi is one of the best table clones of Uzbekistan. According to reliable information Tayfi was brought to Bukhara and Samarkand from Arabia in VII-VIII centuries. In many wine-growing countries of the world Brown Tayfi is cultivated more than White Tayfi. Brown Tayfi is sometimes called Golden Tayfi. Nowadays, it is cultivated in the winegrowing and winemaking stations of Ganja and in the Grape-trading LTD.
Bushes are very strong with self-pollinated flowers. Clusters of both clones are large. They are cone-shaped from upper side and usually upper burdocks are well developed, thin and of medium density. The stalk of cluster gets firm and must be cut off with knife or scissors. Seeds are large, prolonged or almost cylindrical. Sometimes the edges are concaved from three sides. The color of White Tayfi is light green, and sometimes it gets pink in sunshine. The color is not equal in Brown Tayfi, and it changes its shades from pink to purple in sunshine and becomes pale pink in shady places. Skin is thick and strong. Languid is crisp. Taste is ordinary, pleasant and fresh. The clone is late ripening. High temperature is required for the seeds to obtain color and gather enough sugar. The productivity can be high if the bush form is strong, has a long fruit shoot and if normal irrigation is provided. There are few fruitful shoots with clusters in these clones, but clusters are large. In dry-farm lands, with weak irrigation, vineyards yield small clustered fruit.
The sugar is 17-20 percent in Uzbekistan sorts. In our country, it should be cultivated by means of directive cultivation. Ag Tayfi differs for shipability among other table clones.
Brown Tayfi is also good for draining and is lagging only Sultani and Kotta-Kurgan for this quality.

It has been discovered in the bank of Nile (Egypt) since ancient times. It has been brought to Russia in 1825-1830, and a bit later to Azerbaijan. In all winegrowing countries of the world, there are such clone types. A.M.Lazarevski noted the absence of this sort in Azerbaijan in his book (Types of grapes, 1959). But in 1968, there was a thousand acres of vineyard of White Sashla in Azerbaijan. It is noted that there are usually three variants of White Shasla in the winegrowing areas. The variations of White Shasla are very close to one another according to their biological features and morphology. There is a variant with Muscat flavor besides white, purple and dark ones. Existence of variations testifies its ancientness. The bushes of Shasla clone types (at the same time variations) are weak because of the lack of humidity and on the contrary, their average growth can be observed in humid and fertile lands.
Flowers are self-pollinated. Clusters are cone-shaped, sometimes cylindrical, rare or with medium density. Seeds are medium large and round. The color of the seeds is light green in White and Muscatine Shasla and light pink if well-supplied with sunbeams. The skin of the seed is gentle and firmer. Its languid is gentle, smooth and succulent. The taste of white, pink, black Muscatine is ordinary with enough sweetness, and a little bit sourness. There is a slight muscatel taste in Muscatine Shasla. They are not good for storage. The appearance of cluster and seeds, gentleness and lovely taste are valuable features of Shasla. Shasla clones are especially tasty while fresh. Wines made of them are rarely pleasant.

It is of Iranian origin. It is spread in Dagestan, Stavropol, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan with different names. But there aren't any pure clone types anywhere. The sort has been grown in Azerbaijan in Ganjabasar area since unknown times. Its plantations are reduced much at the present. Its flowers are self-pollinated. Bunches are medium big, conical or cylindrical-conical, especially thick and medium thick. Stalks of bunches are long and do not get firm. Seeds of the grapes are medium big, oval, rarely egg-shaped, greenish white, if over ripen one side becomes light pink. The skin is gentle. The languid is firm. Taste is normal sweet.
Ag Khalili is related to very early-ripen grape sorts. Selection and collection are held in Turkmenistan at the beginning of July, but in Azerbaijan in mid-July. Ganja opens grape market with this sort.
Productivity is medium. It is good for eating while fresh.

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